An encyclopedia that summarizes everything that refer to the skin .

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A
AHA - alpha hydroxy acids (AHA from the English alpha hydroxy acid ) is a collective name for several different types of water-soluble fruit acids such as exfoliates & moisturizes the skin.
Acne - also called acne vulgaris and colloquially called pimples , is a benign skin disease that involves rashes caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands.
Facial treatment - beauty treatment of the face, which can for example consist of cleaning, massaging and moisturizing the skin.
Amino acid - are chemical substances (or rather molecules) that are part of all the body's tissue cells and are building blocks for various proteins.
Antioxidant - are chemical compounds that protect the body's cells against free radicals (unstable molecules that can cause damage by creating oxidative stress).

Vitamin A - is fat-soluble & vital for the body to grow and develop. Contributes to maintaining normal vision, skin and the immune system functioning properly. Also known as retinol .
Ascorbic acid - better known as vitamin C , is an organic acid and antioxidant that contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system and collagen formation.

B
BHA - beta hydroxy acid (BHA from English beta hydroxy acid) and is another name for salicylic acid. Fat soluble. Exfoliating with anti-inflammatory properties and therefore works well against acne and problem skin.

C
Ceramide - is a lipid (fatty acid) that occurs naturally in the skin and is an essential part of the skin's protective barrier.
Vitamin C - is an organic acid and antioxidant that contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system and collagen formation.
Centella Asiatica - is a powerful antioxidant (madecassoside) with healing, nurturing and anti-inflammatory properties. Also known as cica, tiger grass or gotu kola.

D

Double cleansing - also called "pre wash" is done in the evening in 2 steps to wash away makeup, sunscreen, sebum, particles from external factors.
Detox - detoxification, from the English "detoxification" is about cleaning the body or skin of toxins and giving it a fresh start.
Dermatitis - is a medical term that refers to any form of inflammation of the skin.
Decolletage - from French décolletage , from décolleté 'cut', is the area from the neck down to the breasts. "The neckline".

E
Exfoliation - chemical or mechanical peeling that helps the skin remove old skin cells on the surface.
Epidermis - Latin for the epidermis, is the outermost part of the skin without blood vessels, which consists of several layers of densely lying skin cells.
Eczema - is an inflammation of the skin that causes the skin to become dry and itchy.

F
Fructic acid - naturally occurring acids that are extracted from the sugar from various plants, fruits and berries. Acts moisturizing & exfoliating. Also called AHA acid.
Fibroblast - is a type of connective tissue cell (the most common in the dermis) that produces procollagen, which outside the cell turns into collagen.
Free radicals - are molecules that easily react with other substances in the body, which under certain circumstances can have negative health effects by damaging cells.
Pollutants - are substances or impurities that are irritating or harmful to animals, humans and plants. Can be in the air, ground or water. They can also be found in the food we eat and in materials we come into contact with.
Moisturizer - is a mixture of ingredients that help the skin retain water, become soft, more elastic and strengthen the barrier.

G
Glycosaminoglycan - "GAG" from the English glycosaminoglycans , are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of repeated disaccharides. A known glycosaminoglycan is hyaluronic acid.
Galvanic current - also called direct current, DC (eng. direct current ), is electric current that always has the same direction. Used e.g. during iontophoresis to channel active ingredients into the skin.
Glycerin - also called glycerol , is one of the skin's own moisturizing factors (NMF) with an ability to absorb and bind water. Repairs the top skin layer, the stratum corneum.
Green clay - mineral rich ingredient in face mask that has cleansing, healing and balancing properties.

hrs
Skin condition - occurs when the skin is affected by various internal and external factors such as stress, hormones, weather, pollution, diseases or medications. Can come and go throughout life and change several times. Examples: acne, sensitivity, pigmentations.

Hyaluronic acid - is a moisture-binding sugar molecule which occurs naturally in the body. Can bind up to 1000 times its own weight in water, which contributes to volume and firmness. Also called hyaluronan or glucosaminoglycan .
Humectant - is a collective name for substances that can absorb and retain moisture from the air.
Hyperpigmentation - dark spot on the skin due to increased production of melanin (pigment).
Hygroscopic - is the property of certain substances or materials to be able to absorb water (water vapor) from their surroundings.
Skin cycle - is the process where new skin cells are created and move up through the skin until they eventually end up on the outermost skin layer as dead skin cells. As we age, this cycle takes longer and longer: in our youthful 20s it generally takes around 14–21 days, increasing to around 28 days in middle age and can slow to 60–90 days between 50 and 60.
Skin cells - belong to the group of renewing cells and are the cells in the body that we most often replace. We lose approx. 40,000 skin cells per minute - the production of new skin cells is ongoing.
Skin type - is how your skin on the face is experienced and is controlled by how high or low sebum production you have in different zones. The categories are dry, oily, normal and combination skin.

IN
INCI - is an abbreviation for The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients and is a system that makes it possible to identify substances included in products. List of ingredients on the back of a product.
Non-comedogenic - means the product does not clog pores.

J
Iontophoresis - is the process of conducting a weak electric current through the skin, for example to lock down active ingredients.

K
Keratinocyte - cell found in all layers of the epidermis (epidermis) and containing keratin. Its main task is to protect the body against UV radiation, bacteria, viruses and other substances that can be harmful to our organs.
Comedone - "pore mask", consists of an enlarged pore with sebum, bacteria and dead skin cells. An open comedone looks like a small black dot (the black color is melanin oxidized) while a closed comedone turns into a white elevation.
Kaolin - is a white clay rich in minerals known for its deep cleansing, mild exfoliating, astringent and soothing properties. Ingredient in face mask.

Keratosis Pilaris - is a condition with small harmless bumps on the skin if formed because an excess of keratin clumps together into small elevations and clogs the skin's hair follicles. Appears mainly on the upper arms, thighs and buttocks.

L
Lipid - is a collective name for a large group of substances consisting of fats and fat-like substances.
Lipid film - a natural fat layer on the skin that forms a protective barrier, minimizes water loss, dehydration and attack by microorganisms.
Lymph - a viscous fluid that travels along the bloodstream throughout the body. Its task is to collect waste products and other substances the body needs to get rid of, e.g. dead cells, proteins, lactic acid, fat, bacteria etc.
LED - is light therapy with different wavelengths (colors) and has a very effective effect on the healing of the skin. Treats the first signs of aging, acne and is suitable for all skin types, skin conditions and ages.

M
Melanocyte - is a type of cell found in the skin, eyes and ears. Produces the pigment melanin, which protects against the sun's dangerous UV radiation and gives us our skin tone.
Microbiome - is the invisible ecosystem of microorganisms and bacteria that live on your skin. It is the body's first line of defense and is an important part of the immune system and for maintaining healthy skin.
Melanin - is a group of black, brown and red color pigments that protect the skin against the sun's UV rays. It also determines our skin tone.
Malignant Melanoma - is a form of skin cancer that starts in the pigment-forming melanocytes, at the bottom of the epidermis. Can occur anywhere on the body. Common first symptoms are that a birthmark starts to grow, itch or change color and shape. Keep track of your dots and see a doctor for advice.
Melasma - (also known as chloasma ) is a form of hyperpigmentation that occurs on the face, especially on the cheeks, bridge of the nose, forehead and upper lip. The cause is believed to be hormones, especially as they change during pregnancy and birth control pills, as well as from the sun.
Micellar water - is a gentle face cleanser that cleans with the help of small particles that attract dirt, impurities, sunscreen and make-up residues.
Lactic acid - is a chemical exfoliating and moisturizing acid that belongs to the alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) family.
Matrix - is the tissue space between the cells (also called the extracellular matrix, ECM). Consists of fiber proteins (collagen) and of a liquid gel (hyaluronic acid) called basic substance. Provides, among other things, viscosity and sliding function to the different layers of the connective tissue.
Mask - is an object/product that hides the wearer's face. The purpose of a mask can be, for example, to hide identity, to protect the face or to treat the skin.

N
Niacinamide - is a vitamin (B3) which, among other things, increases skin elasticity, strengthens the skin barrier, regulates sebum production and reduces pigmentation. Is a powerful antioxidant that also protects against external stress and free radicals.

P
PHA - polyhydroxy acid, also called gluconolactone (PHA from English poly hydroxy acid) is a mild acid that exfoliates, moisturizes and protects the skin against external stress and damage.
Peptide - is the name for several different types of amino acids/proteins that are found naturally in your body and thus skin. The main task is to transmit information to the cells about how they should function in the best way.
Psoriasis - is a disease that causes rashes on the skin and other problems. The cause is an excessively rapid growth of skin cells and a low-grade inflammation in the body. There are different forms of psoriasis. Most do not go away but can disappear for periods with the help of various treatments. Psoriasis is not contagious.
Pore ​​mask - consists of an enlarged pore with sebum, bacteria and dead skin cells. An open comedone looks like a small black dot (the black color is melanin oxidized) while a closed comedone turns into a white bump.
Pigmentation - dark spot on the skin due to increased production of melanin (pigment).
pH - measure in the form of a number of how acidic or how basic (alkaline) something is. The optimal pH value for the skin is just below 5, slightly acidic then according to the pH scale. When the skin's pH value is disturbed, it becomes more sensitive to infections.
Peroral dermatitis - is a skin disease that causes redness, small bumps and rashes around the mouth. The disease can come after using strong cortisone cream, oily skin care products or make-up that clogs the pores. Hormones and stress can also affect the symptoms. The disease goes away with treatment, but it can take time.
Perfume-free - product without added perfume (surprise!).
Pores - openings in the skin to the sebaceous gland - which is responsible for creating the natural fat on the skin's surface called sebum. Most often, they are more visible to the eye in the area with higher sebum production, such as in the t-zone and the nose, for example.
Peeling - chemical (fruit acids) or mechanical (grains) exfoliation that helps the skin to remove old skin cells on the surface.
Papule - is a red elevation on the skin and a first sign of inflamed acne.
Pustule - is a red elevation with where next to the surface of the skin and signs of inflamed acne.

R
Rosacea - is an inflammatory skin disease that causes skin changes on the face, including on the nose and cheeks. Redness, dilated vessels and other skin reactions can be triggered or worsened by various factors. For some, the weather can cause symptoms, others react to, for example, spicy food, alcohol or stress.
Wrinkle - are small folds and lines that occur when the skin ages. Occurs mainly as a result of the body producing less collagen and elastin. This causes the skin to lose elasticity. Some wrinkles are caused by muscle contractions, for example when we laugh or smile.
Retinol - is a fat-soluble form of vitamin A. Increases cell renewal, binds moisture, inhibits sebum production, reduces impurities and increases collagen production.
Cleansing - removes dead skin cells, excess sebum, sunscreen, make-up and impurities from the skin's surface.
Roaccutane - (also Isotretinoin) is a vitamin A derivative within the group of retinoids that is mainly used as a medicine for very severe acne.

S
Sebum - is a substance produced in the sebaceous glands and keeps the skin soft and supple. Also called tallow.
Acid mantle - is the skin's own protection against external attacks from microorganisms, fungi etc. Consists of fatty acids, lactic acids and salts. Helps the skin maintain its slightly acidic pH value
Salicylic acid - is a chemical exfoliant, so-called beta hydroxy acid and also abbreviated as BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid). Fat soluble. Exfoliating with anti-inflammatory properties and therefore works well against acne and problem skin.
Sun damage - are harmless, brown spots on the skin with more pigment. They are also called lentigo solaris and sometimes age spots. Caused by the sun's ultraviolet radiation and usually by excessive and careless sunbathing.
Squalane - is a fat-soluble substance which in its molecular structure is very similar to the humectant squalene, which is found naturally in our lipid barrier.
Sheet mask - face mask made from a thin sheet of paper, fabric, gel film or cellulose. The sheet is then soaked with a serum containing active ingredients.
SPF - is sun protection factor and shows how well the sunscreen provides against the sun's ultraviolet UVB rays. The degree of UV protection shows how many times the sunscreen increases the skin's normal protection.
Serum - are oil or water-based liquids with smaller molecules and higher concentrations of active ingredients that can be easily absorbed by the skin.
Stratum corneum - also called the horn layer is the outermost layer of the epidermis (top skin) and protects the body against external attacks such as cold, UV radiation, bacteria and viruses.
Sodium Hyaluronate - natrium hyaluronate in Swedish, is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid and has a smaller molecular size, is the basic form.

T
Sebum - is a substance produced in the sebaceous glands and keeps the skin soft and supple. Also called sebum.
TEWL - is Trans Epidermal Water Loss, i.e. the loss of water that passes from inside the body, through the epidermis, to the surrounding air via diffusion and evaporation processes.
The Skin Coach - certified skin therapist.
Tocopherol - is a vitamin (E) and strong antioxidant that protects against free radicals.
Titanium Dioxide - a mineral and common ingredient in
sunscreen where it reflects the sun's rays so they bounce off the skin. Combined with zinc oxide to provide protection against UVA and UVB.
Dry skin - a skin with too little fat (lipids) in the skin and with low sebum production. Is one of 4 skin types. Typical symptoms are tight, red-flamed or scaly skin that itches.
Tetracycline - is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacteria that cause infections, often in acne.
Dryness lines - lines and wrinkles that occur when the skin lacks moisture.

U
Dehydrated skin - skin with too little moisture and which can affect all skin types. This is a skin condition that can also be called surface dryness. Typical signs are fine lines, sensitivity, redness & inflammation.
UV light - is ultraviolet radiation and can be divided into three types: UVA, UVB and UVC based on how energy-rich it is. None of them are visible to the human eye.

Y
Surface dryness - means that the top layer of skin on the face is dried out and can be due, for example, to a lot of sun, cold, a longer flight in AC, too little moisture in your products or simply the wrong products for your needs. When you have superficially dry skin, it feels tight and inelastic.
Superficial vessels - small, red marks/nets that occur when fine blood vessels rupture. It can happen with age or due to hereditary and external environmental factors (weather, wind, sun).

Oh
Varicose veins - bluish, nodular bumps on the legs. Varicose veins are usually caused by increased pressure in the blood vessels of the legs. This causes the blood vessels to dilate and become more visible.

Uh

Scars - are the result of a wound caused by an operation, accident, disease or acne. Is part of the skin's natural healing process.

ISLAND
Hypersensitivity - is a very common, unpleasant condition where the skin can show symptoms such as: dry skin, irritation, eczema, pimples, redness, scaling, itching or burning. This is often a consequence of weakened skin barrier or inflammation.
Overproduction (of sebum) - when the skin produces more sebum than necessary and produces an oily skin surface. May depend on skin type (oily skin), hormones, stress, hot weather.
Over-exfoliation - when using products that are too strong (e.g. fruit acids) can lead to irritated skin with weakened barrier function. Redness and scaly skin are clear signs.
Brewer's yeast - cleansing and balancing ingredient rich in vitamin B in skin care.